What term describes a medical condition caused by the growth of harmful organisms within the body?

The term that accurately describes a medical condition caused by the growth of harmful organisms within the body is "Infectious Disease." Infectious diseases are specifically related to the invasion of pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites. These organisms can multiply and disrupt normal bodily functions, leading to a range of health issues that may require medical intervention.

Acute Illness refers to conditions that come on suddenly and are typically severe in nature but do not necessarily imply the presence of infectious agents. Chronic Conditions are characterized by long-lasting health problems that typically persist for three months or longer and may not directly result from infections. Pathology is a broader term that refers to the study of disease, encompassing the causes and effects of diseases, without specifically indicating that they arise from harmful organisms. Therefore, "Infectious Disease" is the most fitting term for conditions driven by the presence of harmful organisms.