What is the phase of a civil lawsuit in which the plaintiff and defense share information to prepare for trial?

The correct phase of a civil lawsuit in which the plaintiff and defense share information to prepare for trial is called discovery. During this phase, both parties have the opportunity to gather and exchange essential evidence, which may include documents, witness statements, and other pertinent information. The goal of discovery is to ensure that both sides understand the details of the case and have access to the information necessary to support their positions.

Discovery typically involves several methods, such as interrogatories (written questions that one party sends to the other), depositions (formal questioning of witnesses under oath), and requests for production of documents. This process is crucial as it helps to prevent surprises during the trial and encourages settlement discussions, as both parties are more informed about the strengths and weaknesses of their case.

Other phases of a civil lawsuit, such as litigation, negotiation, and arbitration, have different focuses. Litigation encompasses the overall legal process leading up to and during the trial. Negotiation refers to discussions between the parties aimed at reaching a settlement before the case goes to trial. Arbitration is a form of dispute resolution where a neutral third-party makes a binding decision, typically outside of court. However, these stages do not specifically involve the exchange of information like discovery does.