What is the body's ability to defend itself against disease known as?

Immunity refers to the body's specific ability to recognize and defend against pathogens, such as bacteria, viruses, and other foreign substances that can cause disease. It involves the complex interaction of various cells and proteins in the immune system that work together to identify and neutralize harmful entities. Immunity can be categorized into two main types: innate immunity, which provides immediate but non-specific defense, and adaptive immunity, which develops over time and offers a more targeted response against specific pathogens.

In this context, while resistance might suggest a broader and less specific capacity to withstand infection, it does not encompass the full nature of the immune response. Allergy refers to a hypersensitivity reaction to substances that are typically harmless, and defense mechanisms describe generalized strategies the body employs, which may not specifically relate to immune responses against diseases. Therefore, immunity is the most precise term that captures the body's capability to defend itself from disease effectively.